The following are the methods, which may be adopted by a rival trader to warrant for ‘Passing Off Action’:

1. Direct false representations
2. Adoption of a trademark, which is the same or colourable imitations of the trademark os a rival trader.
3. Adoption of an essential part of rival trader’s name
4. Copying the get-up or colour scheme of the label used by a trader
5. Imitating the design or shape of the goods
6. Adopting the word or name by which the rival trader’s goods or business is known in the market.